Injecting botulinum toxin type A into one or more extraocular muscles can help reduce diplopia and may improve binocular function in patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia, according to a ...

Future Neurology. 2012;7(6):679-700. Isolated CN palsies are rare signs of MS. [143] Lesions within the brainstem may cause injury to the CN III, CN IV or CN VI nuclei or fascicles resulting in ...

Multiple sclerosis is a common demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, and neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations occur in the majority of patients. This article provides a review of the ...

A 32 year-old man with multiple sclerosis presented with double vision, slurred speech and difficulty walking. Examination showed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegias, limb ataxia, and scanning ...