The project was carried out by researchers from the Universities of Göttingen and Münster, who set out to improve access to high-resolution microscopes that are typically too expensive and fragile for ...

Usually, catalytic reactions are analyzed by checking which chemicals go into a chemical reactor and which come out. But as it turns out, in order to properly understand and optimize catalysts, much ...

THE usual method of measuring the dimensions of microscopic objects is to compare them against an eye-piece scale or to use a calibrated filar micrometer eye-piece. Such methods are not capable of ...

Microscopes are of three basic types: optical, electron (or ion), and scanning probe. The modern optical or light microscope was developed in the mid-19th century. Optical microscopes use transparent ...

Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www ...